定语从句知识点总结精讲练习

1）定语从句的基本概念：定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，起形容词作用，也称为形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟先行词。定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在定语从句中充当一个成分，并在含义上替代先行词。

The man is my cousin.He came to see me this morning.

替换：The man who came to see me this morning is my cousin.

先行词关系代词在定语中做主语，不可省略↖定语从句

2）关系词:

①关系代词（指人/指物/表所有格）;

A.指人的关系代词：

who,做主语或宾语；

whom，只做宾语；

that,做主语或宾语（但指代人称并充当从句主语时，通常用who）

He is a student.We should learn from him.

替换：He is a student(who,whom,that)we should learn from.

关系代词充当从句主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。

B.指物的关系代词：

which,做主语或宾语；

that,做主要或宾语；

He sent me a present last night.The present is a mice watch.

替换：The present(which,that)he sent me last night is a nice watch.

关系代词充当从句主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。

C.表所有格的关系代替：

指某人的或某物的：whose,做先行词的所有格

Is there anyone?Her name is Linda.

替换：Is there anyone whose name is Linda?

②关系副词（时间/地点/原因）。

A.where指地点，充当地点状语

This is the place.We spent our childhood in that place.

替换：This is the place(which/that)we spend our childhood in.

This is the place in which we spent our childhood.

This is the place where we spent our childhood.

B.when指时间，充当时间状语

He?ll always remember the day.His grandma passed away on that day.

替换：He?ll always remember the day（which/that）his grandma passed away on.

He?ll always remember the day on which his grandma passed away.

He?ll always remember the day when his grandma passed away.

C.why指原因，充当原因状语

This is the reason.They were late for the meeting because of the reason.

替换:This is the reason why they were late for the meeting.

③准关系代词as

such……as引导定语从句……,

so/such……that……如此……以致于……引导结果状语从句

the same……as(相似物)/that（同一物）……

This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.(相似物)

This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.（同一物）

as……as…….

Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.（as在定语从句中做主语）

I?ve never seen such a clever man as he is.（as在定语从句中做表语）

I like the same book as you do.（as在定语从句中做宾语）

I shall do it in the same way as you did.（as在定语从句中做状语）

He is as diligent a man as ever lived.（as在定语从句中做主语）

先行词是一句话或一句话的一部分时，关系代词可用which或as,但which不能放句首，as可放在句首，句中，句末，有“正如”的意思

As is known to all,he is the best student in our class.（as在定语从句中做主语）

He came late again,which made his teacher very angry.

3)限定性与非限定性定语从句

A）性定语从句:是用来所修饰对象的意义，不能被拿掉，如果拿掉，余下的部分的意义就会不清楚；

The man who spoke at the parents?meeting just now is John?s father.

B)非性定语从句：是对所修饰的词作进一步说明，仅起补充作用，拿掉他，其他部分仍然清楚。非性定语从句通常与主句之间用“，”隔开，性定语从句与主句关系密切，不用“，”隔开。

John,whose father is a writer,works in Beijing.

The book was written by Lu Xun,who was a great writer.

4)注意要点

A）只能用that，不能用which（who）：

1、当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时。

2、当先行词是anything,everything,nothing时（something用which，that都可以）。

3、当先行词被all,only,very,any,just,no,much等词修饰时。

4、当先行词既指人又指物时。

5、当句子中已有who指认时。

6、当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

B）不能用that

1、非性定语从句

2、在介词后面不能用that

C）先行词是place,time,reason

1、当先行词是place（或其他表示地点的词）

This is the famous place where(at which)the king used to meet his ministers.

This is the famous place which/that/X we visited last year.

注意：看先行词在从句中充当什么成分，充当状语用where，充当主语或宾语用which

2、当先行词是time（或其他表示时间的词）

October 1 is the day when(on which)the People?s Republic of China was founded.

I will never forget the days which/that/X I spend with my students.

3、当先行词是reason

This is the reason why he was late this morning.

This is the reason which/that may explain his absence.

D)介词+which与where，when的转化;介词+whom；

The hotel where they stayed the other day wasn?t very clean.

The hotel in which they stayed the other day wasn?t very clean.

He will always remember the day when he broke the world record.

He will always remember the day on which he broke the world record.

The woman to whom I spoke just now is my English teacher.

The woman who(whom)I spoke to just now is my English teacher.

E)有些介词短语有固定搭配意思的不能随意搬动

The baby(who)my mother is looking after is my younger brother.

F)the way作先行词，定语从句用that,in which或省略。

That is the way_that/in which/X_he spoke.

G）定语从句的谓语动词的用法

I,who am your best friend,will do everything for you.

Tom is one of the boy students in our class who are often late.

Tom is the(only)one of the boy students in our class who is often late.

H)定语从句中的插入语

He is the teacher,who I think will be our class teacher next year.

I think,everybody believes,I suppose等插入语，在考虑用什么关系代词和关系副词时，可暂时不看，以免受迷惑。

I）区分定语从句和并列句

I have two uncles,both of whom are engineers.(非性定语从句)

I have two uncles,and both of them are engines.(并列句)

J）区分定语从句和强调句

It was the street where I met my teacher.定语从句

It was in the street that(where错)I met my teacher.强调句

K）修饰先行词each time,each day

修饰先行词each time,each day,every time,every day,the first time,the minute,the moment,the second,the instant的方法如下：

Each time(不需关系代词或关系副词)I saw him,he was happy.(定语从句/状语从句)

L）whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever

whoever=anyone who=no matter who

whatever/whichever=anything that=no matter what(which)

whenever=in/on/at whatever time that=no matter when

whenever=in/at/to whatever place that=no matter where

whoever,whatever,whichever可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子

whenever,wherever可引导状语从句或相当于定语从句的句子中替代状语

Whoever(no matter who)breaks the law,he must be punished.(状语从句)

Whoever(anyone who)breaks the law must be punished.(主语从句)相当于定语从句

We must punish whoever(anyone who)breaks the law.(宾语从句)相当于定语从句

Wherever you want to go,you may go.(状语从句)

You may go wherever(to whatever place that)you want to go.(状语从句)相当于定语从句

练习题：

1.Is there a bar around_______I can have something to eat?

A.that B.what C.which D.where

2.The house,_________was destroyed in the terrible fire,has been repaired.

A.the roof of which B.which roof C.its roof D.the roof

3.Edison made a lot of inventions,_________of great importance.

A.which I think are B.which I think they are C.which I think they D.I think which are

4.I?ll talk about a newly-opened market_______you may get all________you need.

A.in which,which B.where,that C.where,what D.which,that

5.Can you lend me the novel________the other day?

A.that you talked B.you talked about it C.which you talked with D.you talked that

6.______is mentioned above,the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.

 A.Which B.As C.That D.It

7.The fence in our garden,________my father built many years ago,has lasted for a long time.

A.that B.which C.what D.where

8.When lost in work,_________he often was,he would forget all about eating and sleeping.

A.what B.so C.just like D.as

9.A football fan(球迷)is________has a strong interest in football.

A.a thing that B.something that C.a person that D.what

10.We travelled together as far as Chicago,_______we said goodbye to each other.

A.which B.when C.why D.where

11.The matter______you were arguing about last night has been settled.

A.that B.what C.why D.where

12.Will you please show me the way to the only tall building_______stands near the post office?

A./B.in which C.that D.where

13.His sister had become a teacher________was what he wanted to be.

A.who B.what C.that D.which

14.With the development of agriculture,the people_________village I taught before have lived a

happy life.

A.who B.whose C.in whose D.in which

15.I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place________you may spend your weekend.

A.which B.that C.when D.where

16.He must be from Africa,_________can be seen from his skin.

A.that B.as C.it D.what

17.Both the girl and her dog________were crossing the street were hit by a coming car.

A.which B.who C.they D.that

18.I,_______your friend,will try my best to help you out.

A.which are B.which is C.who is D.who am

19.Is this just the city________the foreign guests wish to pay a visit_________.

A.which,to B.to which,/C.that,to D.to that,/

20.It?s one of the most interesting stories_______I have______read.

A.which,never B.that,ever C.that,never D.which,ever

21.On my way home in the street I saw a lady______I thought was your aunt.

A.who B.whom C.which D.whose

22.I remember that________took part in the ball party had a wonderful time.

A.all B.all that C.all which D.all what

23.This is the largest clock in the world,_______the minute hand is six metres long.

A.that B.of which C.which D.whose

24.China is the birthplace of kites,________kite flying spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.

A.from that B.from where C.from there D.from here

25.______is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A.it B.As C.That D.What

26.Who________has common sense will do such a thing?

A.which B.who C.whom D.that

27.All the apples________fell down were eaten by the pigs.

A.that B.those C.which D.where

28.They asked him to tell them everything_________he saw at the front.

A.what B.that C.which D.where

29.I?ll tell you_________he told me last night.

A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all

30.A child________parents are dead is called an orphan.

A.who B.who?s C.whose D.which

31.Is this museum_________you visited the other day?

A.that B.where C.in which D.the one

32.Is this the museum________some German friends visited last Wednesday?

A.that B.where C.in which D.the one

33.–How do you like the book?

--It?s quite different from_________I read last month.

A.that B.which C.the one D.the one what

34.Which sentence is wrong?

A.The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.

B.Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform.

C.Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.

D.People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.

35.The train_______she was traveling was late.

A.which B.where C.on which D.in that

36.He has lost the key to the drawer________the papers are kept.

A.where B.on which C.under which D.which

37.Antarctic_______we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year around.

A.which B.where C.that D.about which

38.It?s the third time_______late this month.

A.that you arrived B.when you arrived C.that you?ve arrived D.when you?ve arrived

39.He often helps the students_______he thinks are not quick at their studies.

A.whom B.who C.when D.because

40.The Second War______millions of people were killed ended in 1945.

A.when B.which C.during which D.on which

41.Mr.Crosset will never forget the days_________he spent with his various students.

A.when B.during that C.in which D.which

42.This is just the place______I am going to visit these years.

A.that B.where C.in which D.to where

43.We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou,_________lived my grandparents and

some relatives.

A.which B.that C.who D.where

44.The hotel________during our holiday stands by the seaside.

A.we stayed at B.where we stayed at C.we stayed D.in that we stayed

45.I have bought the same dress_______she is wearing.

A.as B.that C.which D.than

46.He is not________a fool_________.

A.such,as he is looked B.such,as he looks C.as,as he is looked D.so,as he looks

47.Is that the reason______you are in favor of the proposal?

A.which B.what C.why D.for that

48.He has two sons,_______work as chemists.

A.two of whom B.both of whom C.both of which D.all of whom

49.The buses,______were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd.

A.most of that B.which most C.most of which D.that most

50.My glasses,_______I was like blind man,fell to the ground and broke.

A.which B.with which C.without which D.that

51.________,the compass was first made in China.

A.It is know to all B.It is known that C.We all know D.As is known to all

52.He is a man of great experience,_______much can be learned.

A.who B.that C.from which D.from whom

53.It was such a serious mistake,_________caused by carelessness.

A.which I think was B.which I think it was C.I think which was D.I think which it was

54.The general at last got a chance to visit the village______he used to fight,_______he had been dreaming of for years.

A.that,which B.where,that C.in which,what D.where,which

55.I will hire the man________they say is a good English speaker.

A.who B.that C.which D.whom

56.I gave him a warning,________he turned a deaf ear.

A.of which B.for which C.what D.that

57.My father has made me______I am.

A.who B.which C.what D.that

58.She is one of the few girls who______passed the examination.

A.who B.which C.what D.that

59.You may call on me from one to five o?clock during_______I am always at home.

A.the time B.what time C.that time D.which time

60.China is the birthplace of kites,_________kite flying(放风筝)spread to Japan,Korea,

Thailand and India.

A.from there B.where C.from where D.there

答案：

1~5 DAABD 6~10 BBDCD 11~15 ACDCD 16~20 BDDCB 21~25 ABBBB

26~30DADDC 31~35 ADCAC 36~40 ADCBC 41~45 BADAB 46~50 BCBCC

51~55 DDADA 56~60 DCCDC